![]() Our results show that with virtual companionship, conversational agents can incorporate the construct of companionship known from human-human relationships by addressing the need to belong, to build interpersonal trust, social exchange, and a reciprocal and benevolent interaction. ![]() We evaluated our prescriptive design knowledge by taking a two-way approach, first instantiating and evaluating the virtual classmate Sarah, and second analyzing Replika, an existing virtual companion. We addressed this with a systematic and iterative design science research approach, deriving meta-requirements and five theoretically grounded design principles. However, we lack prescriptive design knowledge for virtual companionship. Taking these theories into account in designing conversational agents provides the basis for a collaborative and benevolent long-term relationship, which can result in virtual companionship. ![]() Since humans often treat computers as social actors, theories on interpersonal relationships can be applied to human-machine interaction. Due to significant technological progress in the field of artificial intelligence, conversational agents have the potential to become smarter, deepen the interaction with their users, and overcome a function of merely assisting.
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